Terminology regarding cadences
Caplin Ahead!
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The info on this page is either entirely based on or mostly based on the content published in caplin-2013 or caplin-1998. Caplin is considered to be responsible for reviving interest in the analysis of form in North American music theory.
While Caplin’s impact cannot be understated, it is worth understanding that his 1998 work (and his 2013 followup) are focused on Classical music: particularly the works of Haydn, Beethoven, and Mozart. It is important to not assume other styles of music (both preceding and following the classical era, or music in other parts of the world) follow these same conventions. Music theory is descriptive, not prescriptive, and so the theory you see describing what was common in the Classical era may not apply to anything else.
Cadence
The “cadential arrival” is the structural end of the theme. This is simply referred to as the cadence.
Cadential function
The timespan preceding the cadence is cadential function. During this time, the listener should have a feeling that the cadence is going to occur.
Cadential progression
A “cadential progression” is a kind of harmonic progression that confirms a tonality and is required for cadential function.
Reference: caplin-2013 p.59